D16 is a DAC that utilizes iBasso's in-house developed FPGA-Master 2.0 as the core and employs 16 sets of cascaded 8E PWM-DACs, with a total of 128 PWM-DACs (discrete) for 1bit D/A conversion. The measured THD+N is superior to 0.0001%, which is the best among current portable discrete DACs. The AMP section is a superclass A transistor amplifier similar to the DX320MAX amp. FPGA-Master 2.0 D16's FPGA-Master 2.0 brings together iBasso's algorithm achievements from the past three years and is the reason we have been able to accomplish breakthroughs for iBasso portable discrete DAC. FPGA plays the role of signal reorganization and recoding which generates PWM signals that can be decoded by the subsequent PWM-DAC. With the precise control of FPGA-Master 2.0, 128 independent PWM-DACs operate in FIR mode and combine to form L+, L-, R+, R- outputs. Every DAC data bit undergoes careful delay and alignment through rigorous compensation. Cutting Edge Components 128pcs low-temperature drift 0.1% high-precision 25ppm thin film resistors 24 position 4 section stepped attenuator (channel tolerance less than +/-0.1dB) Dual Accusilicon ultra-low phase noise femtosecond oscillators (noise floor as low as -158dBc/Hz (@1kHz) Professional audio DSP chip, theoretical dynamic range up to 192dB, THD+N up to -174dB Ultra-low noise analogue power supply with noise as low as 0.6μV 1.3" OLED display Hardware Analog FIR Filter With FPGA-Master 2.0’s picosecond-level precise control, 128 independent PWM-DACs operate in FIR mode and combine to form L+, L-, R+, R- outputs. Each channel has 32 PWM-DACs operating in "delay parallel" mode. This configuration enables the 32 DACs to work together as a hardware analogue FIR filter. By averaging the differences between multiple DACs, distortion is minimized, resulting in enhanced sound detail and density. Super Class A Discrete Amplifier The D16 utilizes similar architecture to the DX320MAX, a super Class A discrete AMP circuit. It incorporates 20pcs of Low VCEsat (BISS) dual transistors and boasts an impressive output current capability of up to 2A, resulting in a robust output of 1125mW+1125mW@32Ω.